迁移 网站数据 至CentOS 8

注：操作有风险，请自行备份好数据，本教程仅供参考。

1.本例网站介绍

本例网站主要由Apache、MySQL、PHP、WordPress、phpMyAdmin构成，并由Certbot提供免费的SSL证书，(Tomcat暂未迁移，仅做数据备份)

# 迁移数据/配置-目录结构(参考)
~ | /home/**/
    |-path
        phpMyAdmin-***.zip
        wordpress -***.tar.gz
    |-web
        |-tomcat      (/var/lib/tomcat)
            |-webapps
                ROOT.war
        |-www         (/var/www)
            www.tar.gz
    |-workbench
        |-httpd       (/etc/httpd)
            conf
        |-letsencrypt (/etc/letsencrypt)
        |-tomcat      (/usr/share/tomcat)
            conf     (/etc/tomcat)

软件	数据文件	目录/来源
Apache	www.tar.gz	/var/www
MySQL	localhost.sql	phpMyAdmin->导出
WordPress	***.WordPress.xml	WordPress->导出
Tomcat	ROOT.war	/var/lib/tomcat

2.软件安装(在CentOS 8系统安装完成之后)

a.添加el源

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
dnf install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm

b.启用Cockpit/建立个人用户(可选)

dnf install cockpit
systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
systemctl start cockpit

useradd ***
passwd ***
groups ***

c.安装/配置MySQL-Server

dnf install mysql-server
# 查看软件配置文件 (安装: /var/lib/mysql , /usr/share/mysql)
rpm -qc mysql-server
# 添加专用账户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# 初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
# 从日志中获取获取初始密码
cat /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log | grep password

# 服务管理
systemctl status mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld

# 由MySQL Shell修改密码
mysql -u root -p
  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root-password';

d.安装/配置Apache

dnf install httpd
dnf install mod_ssl
tar -xzf www.tar.gz

e.安装/配置snap和Certbot，并获取SSL证书

# 更新软件
dnf install epel-release
dnf upgrade
# 安装/配置snap
dnf install snapd
systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap
sudo snap install core
sudo snap refresh core

# 安装/配置Certbot
sudo snap install --classic certbot
sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot
sudo certbot certonly --standalone

certbot certonly --preferred-challenges dns --manual -d *.sky963.cn --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory

f.安装PHP80及插件

dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
dnf install php80-php
dnf install php80-php-mysqlnd php80-php-gd php80-php-pecl-zip php80-php-pecl-imagick

g.配置Apache服务自启动

systemctl restart httpd
systemctl enable httpd

3.可选配置

a.修改为阿里源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mkdir repo_bak
mv CentOS-Linux-* repo_bak/

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

yum makecache

b.启用PowerTools存储库
(默认CentOS 8/RHEL 8 Linux上未启用PowerTools存储库，该存储库包含许多在安装其他应用程序时需要作为依赖项的软件包，并且大多数情况下是从源代码构建应用程序)

dnf config-manager --set-enabled PowerTools
dnf repolist

c.ssh,禁止root登陆/修改登陆端口

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	->Port ***
	->PermitRootLogin no
systemctl restart sshd